This is mainly going from my experience of how I bought my turbo setup. I am no turbo genious or god, I am just offering advice from personal experience.
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What should I buy first?
Alot of people get confussed as far as what they should buy first. They think they should either get the manifold first or the turbo first. My suggestion is to buy the most critical part first, your turbo. Why? I'll explain...
Your turbo determines alot more than your manifold does, heck, your turbo determines what manifold you should get. By buying your turbo first, you will also know whether if you should get an external wastegate flanged manifold or not to. I learned this the hard way...I bought a manifold first with an intent of using one size turbo that was internally wastegated but found a great deal on an turbo that wasn't internally wastegated and had to purchase another manifold that had an external wastegate flange on it. Sure, I could of had someone try and fab some type of flange on the current manifold but I didn't think it was worth it.
By purchasing your turbo first you will know what kind of manifold to buy also. There are many different types of turbos and different types of flanges that they use on them. You might find turbos with your standard T3 style flange or a triangular flange that Mitsubishi turbos use...this is something that is very important to know and if you don't know, you better find out. By not having the correct turbo flange to manifold flange, they won't fit. Also, with having the correct size "flange to flange", you need the correct gasket to go in between the flanges.
By purchasing your turbo first you will know what type of downpipe flange to get. This is also very important as well. If you don't have the right size downpipe flange, you can't fit it on the turbo and you won't have anything for your downpipe to connect to. Depending on what turbo you have will depend on which flange you need... Example: I have a T3/T4 50 Trim turbo that needed a 5 bolt style flange. If you don't know what you'll need, look at the turbo on the exhaust side...this is another reason that you need to purchase first.
The size and type of turbo is totally up to you and matching it correctly to your motor. Look up their compressor map and look up info on how to read them. This is the best thing I can tell you to do.
Now you know the reasons why to buy the turbo first hand.
1. Purchase Turbocharger
Turbo/Exhaust Manifold
Now that you've determined what type of turbo you're getting, you should know if you're turbo is internally wastegated or not. Of course, if your turbo is internally wastegated, you don't need a manifold with an external wastegate flange. If it doesn't come with an internal wastegate, you have the option of going externally wastegated or purchasing an internal wastegate package (that depends on the turbo you have though if you are even available). If you're going externally wastegated, you need a manifold that has an external wastegate flange (common sense).
The style of manifold you get is up to you. More than likely, you'll find a log style manifold which is very popular to get and typical to have for a street car application.
Now that you have the correct manifold, temperature will be an issue after it's installed and running. Too hot of a manifold can cause cracks in the manifold, cause higher under the hood temperatures etc. etc. You have to remember that turbocharged vehicles tend to run very high temperatures, usually around 1800+ degrees. My recommendation is to have it Jet Hot Coated. You can find more info through their website
http://www.jet-hot.com and it's affordable to do.
1. Turbocharger
2. Manifold
External Wastegate
If you're going externally wastegated, you need to make sure that the flange on the wastegate matches the size of the flange on the wastegate...I think the most of the manifolds are fitted with the same style flange.
Most popular external wastegate to use is an Tial wastegate on our vehicles, very reputable company that makes good products. Having a good wastegate and not a cheap one is very important. If your wastegate isn't working properly, it won't divert the exhaust flow properly away from the turbine and your boost levels will climb higher than they are supposed to.
1. Turbocharger
2. Manifold
3. External wastegate (if need one)
Intercooler Piping
The type of piping is entirely up to you and if you're having them welded or if you're going to somehow use a coupler and clamp on every end. The less couplers and clamps used, the less likely you'll experience boost leaks. You have your options of Alluminum, Stainless Steel and Mild Steel (the most popular choices). Also, the diameter you choose to go with is up to you as well, most people do stick between 2" to 2 1/2" diamter.
1. Turbocharger
2. Manifold
3. External Wastegate
4. Intercooler Piping
The Intercooler
Assuming you are going with a front mount intercooler setup, usually the size of the intercooler is determined by the amount of space in the front of your motor (right behind your front bumper). The brand you use is up to you...even generic intercoolers are fine to use. Try to keep the diameter on the ends of the intercooler the same as your intercooler piping.
1. Turbocharger
2. Manifold
3. External Wastegate
4. Intercooler Piping
5. Intercooler
Fuel Management
Unless you have a 2.0 ECOTEC motor, your MAP sensor isn't designed to see boost. Because of this, it will not accomodate enough fuel during boost. You need the proper fuel management system. Current popular choices are:
- HP Tuners
- Megasquirt Standalone Unit
- Cartech FMU (Adjustable)
- EIC (Extra Injector Controller) Unit
- AEM EMS
- GM Supercharger Reflash
- JBody Performance computer Reflash
This is also up to you what you choose but it's critical to have one.
1. Turbocharger
2. Manifold
3. External Wastegate
4. Intercooler Piping
5. Intercooler
6. Fuel Management
Fuel Injectors
With the need of supplying more fuel to the motor with the extra air being supplied during boost, you need injectors that can handle the demand. Determining your size should depend on the power goal you're aiming for. This is also something that is determined by yourself.
Popular injectors to use for our motors are Ford Style Injectors. They have high and low impedence injectors so make sure you watch for which one you purchase (FYI: We run high impedence injectors).
Note: Make sure you get the clips along with the injectors...very important.
1. Turbocharger
2. Manifold
3. External Wastegate
4. Intercooler Piping
5. Intercooler
6. Fuel Management
7. Fuel Injectors
Adjustable Fuel Pressure Regulator (or fuel pressure adjuster)
Adjusting the fuel pressure is neccesary especially when using bigger injectors (bigger than your stock injectors) fuel pressure can become an issue. Too big of injectors without turning down the fuel pressure can lead to flooding of the motor...trust me...it's not a fun experience. My suggestion is to purchase a gauge, whether if it goes on your fuel rail or inside your cabin, to monitor the fuel pressure during boost and/or during idle.
You can use an Adjustable Fuel Pressure Regulator or HP Tuners device to do so. Also, if you get rid of your stock FPR, you can use your Cartech FMU to adjust your base fuel pressure as well as under boost (look up: Hahn Racecraft).
You might want to get some extra rubber fuel lines as well.
1. Turbocharger
2. Manifold
3. External Wastegate
4. Intercooler Piping
5. Intercooler
6. Fuel Management
7. Fuel Injectors
8. Adjustable Fuel Pressure Regulator (or fuel pressure adjuster)
Fuel Pump
A fuel pump in most cases is optional and used as insurance. Now that you're using bigger injectors and demanding more fuel from your fuel system, a bigger fuel pump would help and keep you from straining out your stock fuel pump which is designed to send only so much fuel.
You have 2 options, either get an in-tank fuel pump or an in-line fuel pump. Look up companies like Walbro and MSD for fuel pumps.
1. Turbocharger
2. Manifold
3. External Wastegate
4. Intercooler Piping
5. Intercooler
6. Fuel Management
7. Fuel Injectors
8. Adjustable Fuel Pressure Regulator (or fuel pressure adjuster)
9. Fuel Pump
Blow Off Valve (and flange)
The basic job of a blow off valve is to release pressure inside your intercooler piping when your releasing throttle. Now and days, manufactuers of BOVs aim at sound as well as performance of the BOV. Look up companies like TurboXS, HKS, Tial and Greddy. I personally am using a blow off valve from a 1st Generation DSM...works great and sounds good as well.
1. Turbocharger
2. Manifold
3. External Wastegate
4. Intercooler Piping
5. Intercooler
6. Fuel Management
7. Fuel Injectors
8. Adjustable Fuel Pressure Regulator (or fuel pressure adjuster)
9. Fuel Pump
10. Blow Off Valve
Oil Lines/Fittings
Most suggest braided oil lines to be used.
Fittings...I'm not an expert as far as this, I would say do more research as to what fittings you need for your turbo and oil feed and return.
1. Turbocharger
2. Manifold
3. External Wastegate
4. Intercooler Piping
5. Intercooler
6. Fuel Management
7. Fuel Injectors
8. Adjustable Fuel Pressure Regulator (or fuel pressure adjuster)
9. Fuel Pump
10. Blow Off Valve
11. Oil Lines/Fittings
Vacuum Hoses
Well, for obvious reasons.
1. Turbocharger
2. Manifold
3. External Wastegate
4. Intercooler Piping
5. Intercooler
6. Fuel Management
7. Fuel Injectors
8. Adjustable Fuel Pressure Regulator (or fuel pressure adjuster)
9. Fuel Pump
10. Blow Off Valve
11. Oil Lines/Fittings
12. Vacuum Hoses
Gaskets & Flange
You need the gasket for between the manifold and turbo & the downpipe flange.
1. Turbocharger
2. Manifold
3. External Wastegate
4. Intercooler Piping
5. Intercooler
6. Fuel Management
7. Fuel Injectors
8. Adjustable Fuel Pressure Regulator (or fuel pressure adjuster)
9. Fuel Pump
10. Blow Off Valve
11. Oil Lines/Fittings
12. Vacuum Hoses
13. Gaskets & Flange
Downpipe
This all depends on how much space you have as far what size you would want to get and also preference. I'd personally suggest either 2 1/2" or 3" if you have the space.
As far as what type of piping, Mild Steel or Stainless will do fine.
1. Turbocharger
2. Manifold
3. External Wastegate
4. Intercooler Piping
5. Intercooler
6. Fuel Management
7. Fuel Injectors
8. Adjustable Fuel Pressure Regulator (or fuel pressure adjuster)
9. Fuel Pump
10. Blow Off Valve
11. Oil Lines/Fittings
12. Vacuum Hoses
13. Gaskets & Flange
14. Downpipe
Monitoring Devices - Wideband, Boost, EGT, Fuel Pressure etc.
Well rule of thumb, the more monitoring devices you get, the safer and more cautious will be. It's a great idea to know what is going on with your car real time.
A Wideband will tell your a/f ratio to the "T". This is very useful to have for tuning purposes and also for monitoring sake so you know that if something was to go wrong on your fuel side that if you start to lean out you can stop and keep from detonating. You would need an oxygen sensor in order to read the a/f ratio which sometimes comes as a package deal.
A Boost Gauge is good to have so you know that you're boosting properly. If you have a boost leak, you'll see you're not reaching the PSI you're supposed to (Example: Your wastegate is set at 5 PSI and you can't go pass 2 PSI at full throttle). If you are boosting pass what you're supposed to be because of type of problem with your wastegate, than your boost gauge will show you (Example: Wastegate is set at 5 PSI and you're reaching 12 PSI of boost without an boost controller installed). You need a boost sensor in order to read the boost on your boost gauge.
An EGT Gauge will monitor your Exhaust Temperature and keep you aware of how hot things are running. You would need a EGT Probe in order to read your EGT.
A Fuel Pressure gauge is pretty self explanitory.
If you get any other monitoring device, they are for safety reasons. You can never be too safe so don't just stop with 2 or 3.
1. Turbocharger
2. Manifold
3. External Wastegate
4. Intercooler Piping
5. Intercooler
6. Fuel Management
7. Fuel Injectors
8. Adjustable Fuel Pressure Regulator (or fuel pressure adjuster)
9. Fuel Pump
10. Blow Off Valve
11. Oil Lines/Fittings
12. Vacuum Hoses
13. Gaskets & Flange
14. Downpipe
15. Monitoring Devices
Couplers and T-Bolt Clamps
I kind of touched on this earlier as far as the intercooler piping goes. I would suggest getting a nice set of Silicone Couplers.
You do need a reducer coupler to connect the intercooler piping to the compressor outlet on the turbo. Basically what a reducer coupler is a coupler that on one end is 1 size in diameter and the other end is a different size in diameter (Example: I needed a 2 1/2" to 2" reducer...my intercooler piping is 2 1/2" in diamter and my compressor outlet is 2" in diameter).
I would suggest T-Bolt Clamps, they can hold down your coupler properly and stronger than regular clamps will. Spend the extra money for extra strength and future prevention on boost leaks.
1. Turbocharger
2. Manifold
3. External Wastegate
4. Intercooler Piping
5. Intercooler
6. Fuel Management
7. Fuel Injectors
8. Adjustable Fuel Pressure Regulator (or fuel pressure adjuster)
9. Fuel Pump
10. Blow Off Valve
11. Oil Lines/Fittings
12. Vacuum Hoses
13. Gaskets & Flange
14. Downpipe
15. Monitoring Devices
16. Couplers and T-Bolt Clamps
Boost Controller
Totally optional. If you feel that you want to boost pass what your wastegate is limiting you at, than a boost controller is what you need. You can either invest in a manual boost controller or an electronic boost controller.
1. Turbocharger
2. Manifold
3. External Wastegate
4. Intercooler Piping
5. Intercooler
6. Fuel Management
7. Fuel Injectors
8. Adjustable Fuel Pressure Regulator (or fuel pressure adjuster)
9. Fuel Pump
10. Blow Off Valve
11. Oil Lines/Fittings
12. Vacuum Hoses
13. Gaskets & Flange
14. Downpipe
15. Monitoring Devices
16. Couplers and T-Bolt Clamps
17. Boost Controller
There are other little things you would probably need like bolts and extra hose and clamps etc etc.
This is a basic outline as to what you would need to build your own turbo kit for your vehicle. There are other optional things you can get like a Turbo Timer but I didn't list it because it's not something is 100% that you need in order to run a proper turbo vehicle.
If there is anything on this How To that you don't understand, I highly suggest looking it up or asking someone. The more you know before buying a product, the better. It's important that you know what you're stepping into before you start buying random parts. Hopefully this will give you guys some insight as to what you are going to run into.
Again, this is just a basic outline of what you would mroe than likely would need and what I did when I bought parts. Installation is totally up to who does it, whether it's a shop or friend or yourself.
If you have any questions, feel free to post.
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